Khotyn Fortress is an outstanding monument of defensive architecture of the XIII-XIV centuries. and for a long time played an important strategic role in protecting the territory of Bukovina and the waterway along the Dniester. A place for Khotyn fortress was chosen on the steep slopes of the high right bank of the Dniester. The town's name probably derives from the verb "want", other versions explain the origin of the name from the Slavic name of Hawtin or on behalf of the leader of the Dacians Kotizona.
At first it was a small, built on the site of ancient settlement wooden fortress. Next to it, while it existed unfortified settlement. In its territory, archaeologists found the remains of furnaces poluzemlyanochnogo housing-stoves, which date back to IX-X centuries., And at a depth of 1.2-1.4 m was identified cultural layer VII-VIII centuries. Particularly large settlement Hawtin was in XI-XIII centuries. When he was part of the Kievan Rus. Then he held the territory of more than 20 hectares.
In 40-50s of XIII century. instead of the wooden building was built of stone. The first stone castle was small. It was located on the Cape, where the north tower now stands, and extended south to the current Commandant's palace. For centuries it was reconstructed and expanded several times, destroyed the invaders and then rebuilt. At the end of the XIV century. stone walls were built of width 5 and height of 40 meters and decorated the outside of the pattern of red brick. In the fortress had been dug deep cellars, which served as quarters for soldiers.
A wooden bridge, which was otrestavrivovan in 1969, leading to the castle courtyard, divided into two parts. First the court - yard Warriors - more on the area and built up with apartment houses, with a well in the center (depth - 65 meters in diameter - 2.5 m). Princely Court (or the Commandant) is located between the commandant of the palace and the north tower. Prince's court once graced the Arcade Gallery, which gave him the architectural features of the Renaissance.
In the second half of XV century palace was built by the commandant, is decorated with checkerboard patterns of red and white bricks. The inputs and equipment windows executed in the Gothic style. Under the palace - the space for storage of weapons and food. At one time housed a harem here, Turkish bath and swimming pool.
In addition to the palace to the castle ruins of a two-story house. In the basement was once a prison. On the ground floor you can look at the diorama of the Battle of Khotyn musical accompaniment, and buy souvenirs. On the second floor of the castle was a small church. It consisted of a rectangular room, and a semicircular apse on the inner walls of the church fragments of frescoes of the late XV - early XVI century. The windows of the church in troubled times were also loopholes. The western wall of the church features adorned with carved patterns portal.
If you go to the battle ground and the walls around the perimeter of the fortress can be found with the architectural features of the castle and defensive. The largest tower - north. It has a rectangular shape (12 by 18 m) and has three tiers of loopholes designed for heavy artillery. At the top of the tower be fighting area, closed canopy. The tower was designed for self-defense, and was calculated as the last stronghold, in the case of the capture of the fortress.
At first it was a small, built on the site of ancient settlement wooden fortress. Next to it, while it existed unfortified settlement. In its territory, archaeologists found the remains of furnaces poluzemlyanochnogo housing-stoves, which date back to IX-X centuries., And at a depth of 1.2-1.4 m was identified cultural layer VII-VIII centuries. Particularly large settlement Hawtin was in XI-XIII centuries. When he was part of the Kievan Rus. Then he held the territory of more than 20 hectares.In 40-50s of XIII century. instead of the wooden building was built of stone. The first stone castle was small. It was located on the Cape, where the north tower now stands, and extended south to the current Commandant's palace. For centuries it was reconstructed and expanded several times, destroyed the invaders and then rebuilt. At the end of the XIV century. stone walls were built of width 5 and height of 40 meters and decorated the outside of the pattern of red brick. In the fortress had been dug deep cellars, which served as quarters for soldiers.
A wooden bridge, which was otrestavrivovan in 1969, leading to the castle courtyard, divided into two parts. First the court - yard Warriors - more on the area and built up with apartment houses, with a well in the center (depth - 65 meters in diameter - 2.5 m). Princely Court (or the Commandant) is located between the commandant of the palace and the north tower. Prince's court once graced the Arcade Gallery, which gave him the architectural features of the Renaissance.
In the second half of XV century palace was built by the commandant, is decorated with checkerboard patterns of red and white bricks. The inputs and equipment windows executed in the Gothic style. Under the palace - the space for storage of weapons and food. At one time housed a harem here, Turkish bath and swimming pool.
In addition to the palace to the castle ruins of a two-story house. In the basement was once a prison. On the ground floor you can look at the diorama of the Battle of Khotyn musical accompaniment, and buy souvenirs. On the second floor of the castle was a small church. It consisted of a rectangular room, and a semicircular apse on the inner walls of the church fragments of frescoes of the late XV - early XVI century. The windows of the church in troubled times were also loopholes. The western wall of the church features adorned with carved patterns portal.If you go to the battle ground and the walls around the perimeter of the fortress can be found with the architectural features of the castle and defensive. The largest tower - north. It has a rectangular shape (12 by 18 m) and has three tiers of loopholes designed for heavy artillery. At the top of the tower be fighting area, closed canopy. The tower was designed for self-defense, and was calculated as the last stronghold, in the case of the capture of the fortress.
In addition to the north tower, the castle has four towers over the gates of the castle tower, east, and the commandant of the South-West. From the tower there is access to the combat area, which stretches the entire length of the wall thickness of five meters. The site is protected by stone battlements 3 meters high, through which the besieged threw stones and poured boiling water on the pitch and attacking the head.
At this point, all objects are Hotynskoy Fortress National Historical Park. Hotynskya castle is one of the Seven Wonders of Ukraine. The plans Hotynskogo National Historical and Cultural Reserve - Restoration of the legendary Hanging Gardens, which was famous for the Turkish city of the time, was blown up in 1940 the minaret, the opening of rooms for tourists in the fort, to build a shooting range for the firing of medieval weapons.
In 1826 the town was granted Khotin coat of arms: a golden box silver trehbashennaya citadel on top followed by a silver cross ravnoramennym over two crossed swords - symbols of protection from the enemies of edge. On the front of the tower on the staff of the crescent, and on the staffs of the two extremes of towers - stuck horsetail.
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